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 Brief on THE GOLDEN FORMULA
VOLLEYBALL VERSION 2010
WITHIN THE SCOPE OF FIVB VISION 2012
BY
HUSSEIN IMAM ALI
FIVB COACHES COMMISSION MEMBER
FIVB INDOOR & BVB INSTRUCTOR
VB TECHNICAL DIRECTOR
 The Concept
1 - The amendment intends to increase the
duration of rally in order to ‘keep the ball
flying’ and to reduce interruptions. The
most admirable scores (Points in Volleyball)
that draw cheer and applause of fans are
those finishing lengthy rallies, as they are
effortful and diversified, attract the
masses and hold them in tension.
2 - The study pertains to major historical
difficulties of the game, and so the
treatment should necessarily be such daring
3 - Change to the best is an indispensable
principal of development and so the Golden
Formula is a breathe of fresh air to the
game.
4 - Neutralizing the domination of giant
players over volleyball, although they
represent 15 % of the world population will
encourage other participation from the 85 %
majority to join the game. This will
certainly ensure great boom to the
popularity of Volleyball in the future (FIVB
Vision 2012) (Fair Play – Volleyball for
All)
Facts:
Short duration of Rally and many
interruptions
In a match of 5 sets the maximum actual
rally takes avg. of 25 minutes and the
interruptions take avg. of 100 minutes i.e.
20 % rally and 80 % interruptions. (avg. of
337 legal interruptions . Too …. much
!!!!!!).
Contrarily to our game name (VOLLEY)
volleyball currently has the less flying
ball duration among other ball sports and
accordingly less variations of the
spectacular air-borne skills compared to
other ball sports
 First: Offense Supremacy
The study of five matches from the World
League Finals 2005 confirmed the high
percentage of rally halting from the first
attack and serve. 777 points out of 985
were scored from first attack and serve
plays, 78.9 % of the match points(Too
…much!!!) and that 208 points were scored
from counter attack, 21.1 % of the match
points . The supremacy of offence over
defence in volleyball is one of the major
factors shortening the rally time due to : -
1 - Excess of spike ball avg. speed , the
speed of defence - arms movement only - is
too much below the natural level required
for dealing with the speed of the spike.
2 - The density and increased number of
attackers above the net (4) against
maximum of (3) blockers) differs from
other team games which focus on increased
number of players for defence.
3 - The Libero supports the attack by his
specialized reception.
4 - Offensive target area of 81 sq. metres
is relatively bigger compared to the smaller
goals of other team games.
5 - Volleyball varies from other ball games
by the absence of an space for defensive
operations , presently volleyball players
enjoy the right of attacking their goal from
zero distance (5 cm.) and in penetrating
offensive block from within and directly on
& above the target, which is very difficult
to deal with in defence.
6 - Smash attack is performed using natural
skill (hand hit), while defence is performed
using unnatural reaction skill (not used in
daily life).
7 - The giants are able to attack over the
block and furthermore their offensive block
makes the task of shorter players very
difficult. These are examples of situations
that bring despair on the players and, for
the future of the game, should not be left
without solution. (Vision 2012)
Defence Support Produce Legendary Scores in
Other Game
Some of the scores in other games were
historical and stirred up controversy and
fairy tales due to the various ways of
scoring and the tactics and manoeuvres used
by the offensive to over wit the defences.
 This kind of dynamic diverse movements and
manoeuvres tie the people up with the
events. This kind of dynamic tactics and
creativity can not be realized in volleyball
except in cases of continued ball flying
after the first counter attack, as both
teams become in chaotic situations that help
in producing the required suspense,
variation, creative individual skilful play
and narration of tales about the scores, not
experienced presently in volleyball due to
the mono- type skill patterns of attack
tactics.
First : The Golden Formula :
The solution is to create a balance between
the speed of the spiked ball and the speed
of movement of the defense arms in order to
allow the minimum distance and time for the
opponent to retaliate; thus attack and
counter attack continue and the ball will be
maintained flying arising suspense, dynamics
and giving chance to the players to display
individual skills and tactics etc.
3. The average speed of the spiked ball
from the three meter line to the end of the
opponent’s court (12 meters) = The Golden
Formula:
0.33 % x 12 meters = 0.44 % seconds
9 meters
Speed of spike ball (back row) 0.44 Sec.=
Speed of Defender Arms Movement 0.44 Sec.
The defense has been left with deficit of
0.2 seconds -Time of reaction to optical
signals- to cover the deficit using his
cleverness, perception, anticipation ,
situation observation and luck.
Second :The Silver Formula :
Increasing the durations of rally will
increase match time. This will require
reduction of points per avg. set duration
and consequently in a match.
 Third: The bronze Formula :
The World League Finals 2005 statistics
confirm that rally continuation after first
counter attack represents 49 % of the total
counter attacks frequency in a match
compared to 21 % for rally continuation
after first attack.
This is a very important point because the
first attack is launched usually – unlike
other ball sports - from still ready body
posture and a pre organized team
positioning, while counter attack is a
reaction to opponent’s attack and team’s
defense. Therefore increasing the
percentage of counter attack by adoption
of the proposed back attack (Golden
Formula) will create a Positive Effect by
multiplying the frequency of rally
continuation
The Proposed Amendment Project
It is up to the consideration of FIVB and
Rules Of The Game Commission to decide – if
accepted - whether to test phase two after
testing phase one or to test the complete
project directly (phase two)
Phase (One) (Test and Implementation)
Due to the fact that the supremacy of the
first attack after serve reception is the
main reason of Volleyball interruptions (80% WL) , shortening of rally and ball
flying time ,and as far as the first
attack is executed– unlike other ball sports
– from still ready posture and pre organized
team positioning . The target of phase (One) is to test and implement the Golden
Formula (Back zone attack) on the first
attack after reception only.
If we add the effect of the Bronze Formula
(multiplying the frequency of rallies)
(51%) of the counter attacks will continue
without interruptions , my expectation the
result of testing phase one might be
satisfactory.
Proposed Amendments to Volleyball Rules for
testing phase one
 To amend Rule 13/2/1 by adding the
following:
No player is allowed to complete an attack
hit after team serve reception from the
front zone and its imaginary extension when
the ball is entirely higher than the upper
edge of the net except:
The second team touch after team service
reception, by a front-line player provided
that the contact with ball has been made
within the player's own playing space .
(Figure 17)
Line judges of the three meter lines must be
fixed. Or the one opposite the 2nd referee
move from end line to three meter line
after the opposite team serve (once) then
back to end line after the receiving team
attacks. art. 27 of Rules of the Game.
Phase (Two) (Test and Implementation)
Without changing the ball size or pressure
and without changing the basic skills or
nature of the game and without changing
court and net dimensions testing phase two
will show a positive changes regarding
dynamics of the game and FIVB vision will
come true . The Golden Formula is a breath
of fresh air to the game.
Proposed Amendments to Volleyball Rules for
testing phase two
To amend Rule 13/2/1 to become as follows:
Absolutely no player is allowed to complete
an attack hit from the front zone and its
imaginary extension when the ball is
entirely higher than the upper edge of the
net except in two cases:
The first and second team contact after a
rebound ball from the opponent by a
front-line player provided that the contact
with ball has been made within the player's
own playing space – amend Rule 13/2/4(Figure20 A,B and C)
The second team contact after team
reception, team dig and the first and
second team contact after team block by
a front-line player provided that the
contact with ball has been made within the
player's own playing space . (Figures
17B, 18 and 19)
 To amend Rule 13/2/2 to become as follows:
a) All players are allowed to complete an
attack hit at any height from behind the
front zone and its imaginary extension
subject to Rule 13/3.
b) All players may complete an attack hit
from the front or back zone and their
imaginary extensions if the ball is not
entirely higher than the upper edge of the
net.
To add line judge for the three meter lines
art. 27 of Rules of the Game.
More Justifications :
It is evident from the above that the
proposal doesn’t disagree with the nature
and characteristics of the game and will not
require any change in the weight, size or
pressure of the ball or the court, and
without any financial burdens.
Most volleyball teams practice presently
the back zone attack including the quick
tempo back spike.
More over they play effectively the jump
serve spike from more than 15 meters so
attacking from 3 meters is obviously very
effective too.
The beginner can hit the ball from the back
zone on the opponent’s court in a better way
than from the front zone. The difference
will be in the ball curve and speed (Figure
24).
The Golden Formula Resolves the Following
Negative Phenomenon
Additional distance of 3 meters will be
saved, equal to 0.11 % of a second, for
defense movements and retaliation naturally
and effectively.
0.333 % x 3
meters = 0.11 % sec.
9 meters
The jump attack will be from the back zone
with a more horizontal curve than vertical
which can be dealt with easily
Lessens the despair caused by the stunning
over-block spike by the giants, as
over-block spike from the back zone will be
difficult. Lessens the despair caused by
giants’ block, as the shorter attacker from
a distance of 3 meters may overpass or
side-pass the giant block.
It makes smaller the target area to be
defended and makes better the angle of
viewing the offensive players by the defense.
The Golden Formula alleviates the spirits
and liveliness of the volleyball players in
the playground with better psychological
preparedness for defense because the feeling
of despair and anxiety due to the
possibility of failure to deter more than 46
– 80 % of first attacks of the opponent is a
killing feeling.
 6) The back attack method in addition to the
exceptional cases of
front zone attacks will inspire the
technical and tactical variations of the
game instead of the mono-typed systems and
maintains .
7) The Golden Formula (continuation of
rally-less interruptions) will give our
volleyball players and stars wider rang of
options to demonstrate their skills
specially the air-borne spectacular skills.
This will attract spectators specially the
neutral , TV broadcasters and sponsors.
Neutralizing the Giant Players (Fair Game)
:
Control the dominance of giant players by:
Improve the action of block players against
the giants’ attack hit due to the less sharp
curvature of back zone spike
Makes easier for players other than giants
to launch attack hit to over pass or side
pass the block of the giants
As the case in the analyses of other team
sports, the continuation of rally for longer
periods is advantageous to the players
skilled in swift dynamic movement and arts
of flexible turning more than to tall
players .
Suspense, Attraction , Liveliness and Rising
of Stars :
The attack from the back zone is preferable
than the attack from the front zone by being
more spectacular, suspenseful and better for
TV shooting because there are less
restrictions .So there is a great chance for
the rise of individual volleyball stars.
pop fairy tales of their performance and
scores.
Consequently more excitement will grow among
the public, media, TV, participants and
particularly the neutral pubic.
 Reduction of Legal Interruptions :
legal interruptions in volleyball are over
excessive, which is against the interest of
the fans and TV viewers. The proposed
amendment will reduce the instances
interruptions as follows:
Stopping the play because of the (Joust)
will be to the minimum.
Reducing the instances of touching the ball
by block players within the opponent’s area
before the attack hit
Many interruptions are due to net or
centerline touching by attacking players
does almost not exist..
Avoiding interruptions due to haphazard ball
rebounds from a block to the face or body of
the attacking player.
No rally discontinuation for long periods of
time due to critical injuries caused by the
clash of attackers with blockers. (Safe
Game)
Conclusion :
Future volleyball will open options and
opportunities for new coaching tactics
through the reaction resulting from the
blend of several positive factors as
detailed above. In addition we anticipate
the following positive results:
fair attitude of New Version 2010 towards
tall players and other players. This will
develop the popularity of Volleyball
worldwide.
There will be freedom and variety for
different offensive formations including the
quick combinations from any point around the
three meter line plus the front zone attack
from the 1st or 2nd team contact.
Thanks to Dr. Acosta , Steel and Habeeb for
their support and vision ..good luck.
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